New Surah Al Kahfi Full Terjemah Indonesia سورة الكهف كاملة بصوت القارئ الشيخ هاني الرفاعي Murottal Hani Ar-Rifa'i terbaru “Barangsiapa yang membaca surat. QuranicAudio is your source for high quality recitations of the Quran. Stream or download all the Quran recitations. Nabil Ar Rifai, born Nabil Bin Sheikh Abdul Rahim Rifai, is a Saudi Qur’an reciter born 1398 Hijri in Jeddah. Sheikh Ar-Rifai learned the Holy Qur’an from such eminent professors and Sheikhs as Sheikh Abdel Aziz Ramadan, Sheikh Abdel Wahab Hadiri and the late Sheikh Ali Jaber. New Surah Al Kahfi Full Terjemah Indonesia سورة الكهف كاملة بصوت القارئ الشيخ هاني الرفاعي Murottal Hani Ar-Rifa'i terbaru “Barangsiapa yang membaca surat.

Al-Rifa'i Mosque (Arabic: مسجد الرفاعي‎, transliterated also as Al-Rifai, Al-Refai, Al-Refa'i, El-Refa'i, and named in English: the Refaai Mosque) is located in Midan al-Qal'a (Arabic: ميدان القلعة‎), adjacent to the Cairo Citadel. Now, it is also the royal mausoleum of Muhammad Ali's family. The building is located opposite the Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan,^[1] which dates from around 1361, and was architecturally conceived as a complement to the older structure. This was part of a vast campaign by the 19th century rulers of Egypt to both associate themselves with the perceived glory of earlier periods in Egypt's Islamic history and modernize the city. The mosque was constructed next to two large public squares and off of several European style boulevards constructed around the same time.

History[edit]

The Al-Rifa'i Mosque was constructed in two phases over the period between 1869 and 1912 when it was finally completed.^[1] It was originally commissioned by Hoshiyar Qadin, the mother of the 19th century KhediveIsma'il Pasha to expand and replace the preexisting zawiya (shrine) of the medieval Islamic saint Ahmed al-Rifa'i. The zawiya was a pilgrimage site for locals who believed that the tomb had mystical healing properties. Hoshiyar envisioned a dual purpose for the new structure as a house for local traditional Sufi relics and also a mausoleum for the royal family of Egypt. Over the course of its construction the architects, design, and purpose were changed.

The original architect was Hussein Fahri Pasha, a distant cousin in the dynasty founded by Muhammad Ali of Egypt in 1803,^[1] but he died during the first phase of construction, and work was halted after KhediveIsma'il Pasha abdicated in 1880. Hoshiyar Qadin herself died in 1885, and work was not resumed until 1905 when the Khedive, Abbas II of Egypt, ordered its completion. Work was supervised by the Hungarian architect Max Herz, head of the Committee for the Conservation of Arab Monuments in Cairo.

Style[edit]

The building itself is a melange of styles taken primarily from the Mamluk period of Egyptian history, including its dome and minaret, and Ancient Egyptian style pillars. The building contains a large prayer hall as well as the shrines of al-Rifa'i and two other local saints, Ali Abi-Shubbak and Yahya al-Ansari. Because of the time taken to built the mosque, it represents historical and political revolution in Egypt.

The entrance is lined with marble columns.

Usage[edit]

The mosque is the resting place of Hoshiyar Qadin and her son Isma'il Pasha, as well as other members of Egypt's royal family, including Sultan Hussein Kamel, Sultan and King Fuad I, and King Farouk, whose body was interred here after his death in Rome in 1965. Khedive Tewfik and Khedive Abbas II Hilmi, however, are buried in Qubbat Afandina, a mausoleum built in 1894 in Cairo's Eastern Cemetery, together with other late members of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.

The mosque served briefly as the resting place of Reza Shah of Iran, who died in exile in the Union of South Africa in 1944, and was returned to Iran after World War II. He was buried in Cairo following the Iranian Revolution of 1979.^[2] Part of the burial chamber is currently occupied by Reza Shah's son Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who died in Cairo in July 1980.

See also[edit]

• Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque, royal mosque of the Mamluk Sultanate founded in 1318 in the Citadel of Cairo by the Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad.

1. ^ ^abcSamir, Salwa (4 October 2012). 'Meeting a royal family at Al-Rifa'i'. The Egyptian Gazette. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
2. ^Historical Iranian Sites and People. 12 December 2010

“Tour Egypt.” Refai Mosque, www.touregypt.net/featurestories/refaimosque.htm.

al-Asad, Mohammad. The Mosque of Rifa'i in Cairo. 1993. In Muqarnas X: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Margaret B. Sevcenko (ed.). Leiden: E.J. Brill.

Jones, Dalu. 'Va Pensiero... Italian Architects in Egypt at the Time of the Khedive.” In Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre, 86-93. Rome: Carucci Editore, 1990.

Arnaud, Jean-Luc. 'Maps of Cairo and the Development of the City at the End of the 19th Century.” In Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 1-2, edited by Attilo Petruccioli, 82-91. Rome: Dell’oca Editore, 1993.

Noweir, Sawsan and Philippe Panerai. 'Cairo: The Old Town.” In Environmental Design: Journal of the Islamic Environmental Design Research Centre 1-2, edited by Attilo Petruccioli, 60-67. Rome: Carucci Editore, 1989.

External links[edit]

• The Royal Mosque - Al Rifai (Archived 24 October 2009)

Sheikh (/ʃeɪx/SHAYKH, /ʃiːk/SHEEK; Arabic: شيخ‎ šayḫ[ʃajx], mostly pronounced [ʃeːx], pluralشيوخšuyūḫ[ʃuju:x])—also transliteratedsheik, sheyikh, shaykh, shayk, sheikh, shekh, shaik and shaikh—is an honorific title in the Arabic language. It commonly designates a chief of a tribe or a royal family member. It is also commonly used to refer to a Muslim religious scholar. The term can be literally translated into 'Elder'.

Etymology and meaning[edit]

The word in Arabic stems from a triliteral root connected with age and aging: ش-ي-خ, shīn-yā'-khā'. The title carries the meaning leader, elder, or noble, especially in the Arabian Peninsula within the Tribes of Arabia, where shaikh became a traditional title of a Bedouin tribal leader in recent centuries. Due to the cultural impact of Arab civilization, and especially through the spread of Islam, the word has gained currency as a religious term or general honorific in many other parts of the world as well, notably in Muslim cultures in Africa and Asia.^{[citation needed]}

Sufi term[edit]

In Sufism, the word sheikh is used to represent a wali who initiates a particular tariqa which leads to Muhammad, although many saints have this title added before their names out of respect from their followers. Two prominent examples are Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jilani, who initiated the Qadiriyya order, and Shaikh Ahmad al-Tijani, who initiated the Tijaniyyah sufi order.^[1]

Sheikh Hani Ar Rifai Wikipedia Bahasa

Regional usage[edit]

Arabian Peninsula[edit]

In the Arabian Peninsula, the title is used for chiefs of tribes. This also includes royalty in most of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, where the royal families were traditionally considered tribal chiefs. For example, it is used by the UAE Al-Nahyan dynasty and Al Maktoum dynasty, who are considered the chiefs of the Bani Yas tribe, and by Kuwait's Al Sabah dynasty and Bahrain's Al Khalifa dynasty of the Bani Utbah tribal confederation. The term is used by almost every male and female (sheikha) member of the royal houses of the UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Kuwait. The title is not used by members of Al Saud of Saudi Arabia, where the title 'Prince' (Arabic: أمير‎, romanized: ʾAmīr) is used instead.

The title is also used to refer to religious leaders for both Sunni and Shia Muslims. For example, the Saudi Arabian family Al ash-Sheikh (literally House of the Sheikh) is named after the religious leader and eponymous founder of Wahhabism, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.

Lebanon[edit]

In Mount Lebanon, the title had the same princely and royal connotation as in the Arabian peninsula until the Ottoman invasion in 1516, since it represented an indigenous autonomous 'sui iuris' ruler or tribal chief.^[2] Examples of some ancient families that hold the title of 'sui iuris' sheikh is the Al-Chemor family, ruling since 1211 CE in Koura and Zgharta until 1747 CE^[3][4][5] and the Boudib Family (descendants of the Hashemite Family) who were Ehdenian rulers of Jebbeh since 1471 CE until 1759 CE. Descendants of this royal family now live in Miziara, Mexico and Nigeria.^[6] Even the Abu Harmoush family, which ruled the Chouf region until the Battle of Ain Dara in 1711 CE. After the Ottoman rule and the implementation of the Iltizam system, the title gained a noble instead of royal connotation, since it was bestowed by a higher authority; in this case the Ottoman appointed Emir, who was nothing more than a mültezim or tax collector for the empire.^[7] Some very influential Maronite families, who had the title bestowed upon them, are (in chronological order): El Hachem of Akoura (descendants of the Hashemite Family, since 1523), El-Khazen (since 1545), Hubaysh of Kisrawan and Douaihy of Zgharta. Other families who are nowadays addressed or known as 'sheikhs' were not traditionally rulers of provinces, but instead they were high-ranking officials at the service of the Emir at that time.

Maghreb[edit]

In the Maghreb, during the Almohad dynasty, the caliph was also counseled by a body of shaykhs. They represented all the different tribes under their rules, including Arabs, (Bedouins), Andalusians and Berbers and were also responsible for mobilizing their kinsmen in the event of war.^[8]

Horn of Africa[edit]

In the Muslim parts of the Horn of Africa, 'sheikh' is often used as a noble title. In Somali society, it is reserved as an honorific for senior Muslim leaders and clerics (wadaad), and is often abbreviated to 'Sh'.^[9] Famous local sheikhs include Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, an early Muslim leader in northern Somalia; Abadir Umar Ar-Rida, the patron saint of Harar; Abd al-Rahman al-Jabarti, Sheikh of the riwaq in Cairo who recorded the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt; Abd Al-Rahman bin Ahmad al-Zayla'i, scholar who played a crucial role in the spread of the Qadiriyyah movement in Somalia and East Africa; Shaykh Sufi, 19th century scholar, poet, reformist and astrologist; Abdallah al-Qutbi, polemicist, theologian and philosopher best known for his five-part Al-Majmu'at al-mubaraka ('The Blessed Collection'); and Muhammad Al-Sumaalee, teacher in the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca who influenced many of the prominent Islamic scholars of today.^[10]

Sheikh Hani Ar Rifai Wikipedia

South Asia[edit]

In South Asia it is not an ethnic title but an occupational title^[11][12] generally attributed to Muslim trading families with rarely any Arab lineage. After the advent of Islam in South Asia, (Brahmins, Rajputs, Khatris, Kayasthas and vaishya) tribes also converted to Islam and adopted the title.^[13]In Punjab, Pakistan the HinduBrahmins, Kshatriya, Rathores, Bhattis, Chauhans, manihar and other Rajput converted by different Ismaili Pirs to Islam. IsmailiPirs gave the new converts of Punjab the hereditary title of Shaikh as well as the Muslims who immigrated from Central Asia^[14] and settled in Punjab adopted this title.

Distinguished Sindhi Shaikhs include Imtiaz Shaikh, MPA Shikarpur and Special Advisor to PM and Former Provincial Minister and Bureaucrat, Sindh; Shaikh Ayaz, Sindhi poet of Pakistan; Najmudddin Shaikh, Former Foreign Secretary, Pakistan; Ghulam Shabir Shaikh, Former IGP Sindh, Pakistan; Dr. Abdul Hafeez Shaikh, Federal Finance Minister, Pakistan; Muhammad Ayub Shaikh, Chairman Employees' Old Age Benefits Institution], Pakistan; Maqbool Shaikh, Former Provincial Minister for Food and Health, Sindh; Faraz Shaikh, Chairman Sindh Naujawan Shaikh Ittehad, Sindh; Faryaz Nisar Shaikh, Vice Chairman Sindh Naujawan Shaikh Ittehad, Sindh; Arsalan Nafees Shaikh Bagri, president Shaikh Ittehad District Thattha Wing; Imam Bux Shaikh, Former General Secretary Peoples Students Federation Karachi, Former General Secretary Peoples Engineers Forum Sindh, Famous Student Leader of Pakistan.

Southeast Asia[edit]

Sheikh Hani Ar Rifai Wikipedia English

In Indonesia and other parts of Southeast Asia, sheikhs are respected by local Muslims. In Indonesia, the term is usually spelled 'syech', and this is usually attributed to elderly alims. Higher knowledgeable people of Islamic studies in Indonesia are usually referred to as 'ustad' or '[kyai]]'.

Iran[edit]

From the perspective of Iran, the word or title of sheikh possesses diverse meanings, among individuals who are aged and wise, it has been a honorific title used for elders and learned scholars, such as: Sheikh al-Rayees Abu Ali Sina, Sheikh Mufid, Sheikh Morteza Ansari. In the past, Islamic scholars who were the Islamic prophet Muhammad's descendants, were called Sayyid/Seyyed instead of sheikh.^[15]

For women[edit]

Historically, female scholars in Islam were referred to as shaykhah (Arabic: شيخة‎) (alt. shaykhat). Notable shaykha include the 10th-century Shaykhah Fakhr-un-Nisa Shuhdah^[16] and 18th-century scholar Al-Shaykha Fatima al-Fudayliyya.^[17]

A daughter or wife or mother of a sheikh is also called a shaykhah. Currently, the term shaykhah is commonly used for women of ruling families, in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf with the exception of Oman.^{[citation needed]}

See also[edit]

Sheikh Hani Ar Rifai Wikipedia Indonesia

• Al ash-Sheikh – Saudi Arabia's leading religious family
• List of marjas - The supreme legal authority for twelver Shia Muslims

Notes[edit]

1. ^Abun-Nasr, Jamil M. (2007). Muslim Communities of Grace: The Sufi Brotherhoods in Islamic Religious Life. Columbia University Press. p. 94. ISBN978-0-231-14330-1.
2. ^A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered, 2001, Kamal Salibi
3. ^National News Agency - Ministry of Information Lebanese Republic, 2014 http://nna-leb.gov.lb/ar/show-report/371/
4. ^Book Al-Sheikh Al-Chemor Al-Hakum Al-Akoura Al-Hakum Al-Zawyia, Ignatios Tannous Al-Khoury, Beirut, 1948, pg.123
5. ^'Tārīkh al-ṭāʼifah al-Mārūnīyah (Microform, 1890)'. [WorldCat.org].
6. ^El - Doaihi. A glimpse into the History of Ehden The Most Legendary Ehdenian Battles (2000BC - 1976).
7. ^Lebanon's Predicament, 1987, Samir Khalaf
8. ^Niane, Djibril Tamsir; Africa, Unesco International Scientific Committee for the Drafting of a General History of (1 January 1984). Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO. ISBN9789231017100. Retrieved 19 February 2017 – via Google Books.
9. ^IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, IFLA International Office for UBC., IFLA International Programme for UBC., IFLA UBCIM Programme (1987). International cataloguing: quarterly bulletin of the IFLA Committee on Cataloguing, Volume 11. The Committee. p. 24.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
10. ^'Scholars Biographies - 15th Century - Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Abdullaah as-Sumaalee'. Fatwa-Online. Archived from the original on 15 September 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
11. ^'Pakistan a country study p149'. 1975.
12. ^Robinson, Rowena (20 February 2004). Sociology of religion p90. ISBN9780761997818.
13. ^Khanam, Azra (30 August 2013). Muslim backward classes: a sociological perspective. ISBN9788132118077.
14. ^Kaw, Mushtaq A. (January 2010). Central Asia in Retrospect and prospect p406. ISBN9789380009322.
15. ^Who/what is Sheikh? porseshkadeh.com Retrieved 28 Oct 2018
16. ^'Shaykhah Shuhdah, Fakhr-un-Nisa'. Haq Islam. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
17. ^Siddiqi, Muhammad Zubayr (1993). 'Hadith Literature Its origin, development and special features: Women Scholars of Hadith'. The Islamic Texts Society Cambridge: 117–123. Retrieved 23 February 2015.

Sheikh Hani Ar Rifai Wikipedia Shqip

External links[edit]

• The dictionary definition of sheik at Wiktionary